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Percentage Yield Formula:
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Percentage yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction or process. It compares the actual amount of product obtained (actual yield) to the maximum possible amount that could be produced (theoretical yield) under ideal conditions.
The calculator uses the percentage yield formula:
Where:
Explanation: The formula calculates what percentage of the theoretical maximum was actually achieved in the reaction or process.
Details: Percentage yield is crucial for evaluating reaction efficiency, optimizing processes, calculating economic viability, and identifying potential issues in chemical reactions or manufacturing processes.
Tips: Enter both actual and theoretical yields in grams. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the percentage yield.
Q1: What is a good percentage yield?
A: In laboratory settings, yields above 90% are considered excellent, 80-90% are good, and below 50% may indicate problems with the reaction or process.
Q2: Why is percentage yield never 100%?
A: Percentage yield is rarely 100% due to factors like incomplete reactions, side reactions, product loss during purification, measurement errors, or experimental limitations.
Q3: Can percentage yield exceed 100%?
A: While theoretically impossible, yields over 100% can occur due to impurities in the product, measurement errors, or incomplete drying of the product.
Q4: How is theoretical yield calculated?
A: Theoretical yield is calculated using stoichiometry from the balanced chemical equation, based on the limiting reactant and assuming perfect reaction conditions.
Q5: What factors affect percentage yield?
A: Factors include reaction completeness, side reactions, purification losses, measurement accuracy, temperature, pressure, and catalyst efficiency.