1. What Is Hexadecimal Subtraction?

Hexadecimal subtraction is a mathematical operation that subtracts one hexadecimal number from another. Hexadecimal (base-16) is commonly used in computing and digital systems for its compact representation of binary data.

2. How Does The Calculator Work?

The calculator performs hexadecimal subtraction using the formula:

Where:

• \( Hex1 \) — First hexadecimal number (minuend)
• \( Hex2 \) — Second hexadecimal number (subtrahend)

Explanation: The calculator converts both hexadecimal numbers to decimal, performs the subtraction operation, then converts the result back to hexadecimal format.

3. Importance Of Hexadecimal Arithmetic

Details: Hexadecimal arithmetic is essential in computer programming, digital circuit design, memory addressing, and low-level system operations where hexadecimal representation is commonly used.

4. Using The Calculator

Tips: Enter valid hexadecimal numbers (0-9, A-F) in both input fields. The calculator will automatically handle the conversion and subtraction operation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the valid range for hexadecimal numbers?
A: Hexadecimal numbers can range from 0 to FFFFFFFF (32-bit) or larger, depending on system limitations.

Q2: How are negative results handled?
A: Negative results are represented using two's complement notation in hexadecimal format.

Q3: Can I use lowercase letters for hexadecimal input?
A: Yes, the calculator accepts both uppercase and lowercase hexadecimal digits (a-f or A-F).

Q4: What happens if I enter invalid hexadecimal characters?
A: The calculator will treat invalid characters as 0 and may produce unexpected results.

Q5: Is there a limit to the size of numbers I can subtract?
A: The calculator is limited by PHP's integer size, typically 32-bit or 64-bit depending on your system configuration.