1. What is pH?

pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with values below 7 indicating acidity, 7 being neutral, and values above 7 indicating basicity.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the pH formula:

Where:

• \( [H^+] \) — Hydrogen ion concentration in moles per liter (mol/L)

Explanation: The logarithmic scale means that each whole pH value below 7 is ten times more acidic than the next higher value. For example, pH 3 is ten times more acidic than pH 4.

3. Importance of pH Calculation

Details: pH calculation is essential in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. It helps determine the acidity of solutions, which affects chemical reactions, biological functions, and environmental conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the hydrogen ion concentration in mol/L. The value must be greater than 0. The calculator will compute the corresponding pH value.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What does a pH value of 7 mean?
A: A pH value of 7 indicates a neutral solution, where the concentration of hydrogen ions equals the concentration of hydroxide ions.

Q2: How is pH measured experimentally?
A: pH can be measured using pH indicators, pH paper, or a pH meter. pH meters provide the most accurate measurements.

Q3: Can pH be negative or greater than 14?
A: Yes, for very strong acids, pH can be negative, and for very strong bases, pH can be greater than 14, though these are rare in typical conditions.

Q4: What is the relationship between pH and pOH?
A: pH + pOH = 14 at 25°C. pOH is the negative logarithm of the hydroxide ion concentration.

Q5: Why is pH important in biological systems?
A: pH affects enzyme activity, protein structure, and many biochemical processes. Most biological systems function within a narrow pH range.