1. What is ESV?

ESV (end-systolic volume) is the volume of blood remaining in the ventricle at the end of systole (contraction). It is calculated by subtracting stroke volume from end-diastolic volume.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the ESV formula:

Where:

• \( ESV \) — End-systolic volume (mL)
• \( EDV \) — End-diastolic volume (mL)
• \( SV \) — Stroke volume (mL)

Explanation: This simple subtraction formula calculates the blood volume remaining in the heart ventricle after contraction.

3. Importance of ESV Calculation

Details: ESV is an important cardiac parameter used to assess heart function, calculate ejection fraction, and evaluate cardiac performance in various clinical conditions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter EDV and SV values in mL. Both values must be positive numbers, and SV should not exceed EDV for a valid calculation.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is a normal ESV range?
A: Normal ESV values vary but typically range from 25-35 mL for the left ventricle in healthy adults.

Q2: How is ESV related to ejection fraction?
A: Ejection fraction (EF) is calculated as (EDV - ESV)/EDV × 100%, making ESV a crucial component in determining EF.

Q3: When is ESV measurement clinically important?
A: ESV is important in assessing heart failure, valvular heart disease, and monitoring response to cardiac medications or interventions.

Q4: How is ESV measured clinically?
A: ESV can be measured using echocardiography, cardiac MRI, or ventriculography during cardiac catheterization.

Q5: What does an increased ESV indicate?
A: Increased ESV typically indicates reduced contractility and may be seen in various forms of heart disease and heart failure.