1. What is Percent Ionization?

Percent ionization measures the extent to which a weak acid dissociates in solution. It represents the percentage of acid molecules that have donated a proton to form ions in aqueous solution.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the percent ionization formula:

Where:

• \( K_a \) — Acid dissociation constant
• \( C \) — Initial concentration of the weak acid (mol/L)

Explanation: This formula applies the approximation for weak acids where the extent of ionization is small compared to the initial concentration.

3. Importance of Percent Ionization Calculation

Details: Calculating percent ionization helps determine the strength of weak acids and predict their behavior in chemical reactions. It's essential for understanding acid-base equilibria and buffer solutions.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the acid dissociation constant (Ka) and the initial concentration in mol/L. Both values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the percent ionization.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the range of percent ionization for weak acids?
A: Weak acids typically have percent ionization values less than 5%, distinguishing them from strong acids which ionize completely.

Q2: When is the approximation formula valid?
A: The formula is valid when the percent ionization is less than 5% and Ka is much smaller than the concentration C.

Q3: How does concentration affect percent ionization?
A: Percent ionization increases as concentration decreases. More dilute solutions of weak acids ionize to a greater extent.

Q4: Can this formula be used for weak bases?
A: No, this specific formula is for weak acids. Weak bases have different ionization calculations using Kb.

Q5: What are typical Ka values for common weak acids?
A: Acetic acid: 1.8×10⁻⁵, Formic acid: 1.8×10⁻⁴, Hydrofluoric acid: 6.8×10⁻⁴, Carbonic acid: 4.3×10⁻⁷